[5] From these, Amnesty International and Médecins Sans Frontières accused the Moroccan government of dumping people from various African countries (some of them claiming to be validly registered as political refugees) in an uninhabited area of the Sahara Desert without food or water supplies. Alle paar Wochen stürmen sie los. After local elections, the president is invested through a qualified majority from among the leaders of the election lists, or, failing to achieve the former, the leader of the most voted list at the election is invested to the office. Melilla (and Ceuta) have declared the Muslim holiday of Eid al-Adha or Feast of the Sacrifice, as an official public holiday from 2010 onward. On 6 November 2007, King Juan Carlos I and Queen Sofia visited the city, which caused a demonstration of support. In der vorigen Woche kam es bei einer ähnlichen Aktion zu Zusammenstößen. Its members are called "local deputies" but they rather enjoy the status of concejales (municipal councillors). It was a Phoenician and later Punic trade establishment under the name of Rusadir (Rusaddir for the Romans and Russadeiron (Ancient Greek: Ῥυσσάδειρον) for the Greeks). Teilen auf Facebook. In a 1866 Hispano-Moroccan arrangement signed in Fes, both parts agreed to allow for the installment of a customs office near the border with Melilla, to be operated by Moroccan officials. [62] The next largest religion was Islam (20.0%), down from 37.5% in 2012. [64], In recent years, the Spanish government has urged Moroccan security forces to stem the flow of migrants traveling towards Melilla. The government of Morocco has repeatedly called for Spain to transfer the sovereignty of Ceuta and Melilla, along with uninhabited islets such as the islands of Alhucemas, the rock of Vélez and the Perejil island, drawing comparisons with Spain's territorial claim to Gibraltar. They started to construct a railway between the port and the mines. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 19,900 euros or 66% of the EU27 average in the same year. Vox officials have frequently pointed to the immigration situation at Melilla and Ceuta proof of a crisis at Spain's border.[66]. As centuries passed, it was ruled by Vandal, Byzantine and Hispano-Visigothic bands. The club was founded in 1943 and since 1945 have played at the 12,000-seater Estadio Municipal Álvarez Claro. About 700 made it past the fences while six died in clashes with Moroccan security forces. Der Zaun in Melilla ist Europas deutlichstes Signal an die Außenwelt, dass es für sich bleiben will. The government bodies stipulated in the Statute of Autonomy are the Assembly of Melilla, the President of Melilla and the Council of Government. Melilla has been under Spanish rule for longer than cities in northern Spain such as Pamplona or Tudela, and was conquered roughly in the same period as the last Muslim cities of Southern Spain such as Granada, Málaga, Ronda or Almería: Spain claims that the enclaves were established before the creation of the Kingdom of Morocco. [40] It was the first time a Spanish monarch had visited Melilla in 80 years. This fear over African migrants is seen by many as the main factor leading to the rise of Vox, Spain's populist party. 59. [14] Following the completion of the conquest of the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada by the Catholic Monarchs in 1492, their Secretary Hernando de Zafra [es] started to compile information about the sorry state of the north-african coast with the prospect of a potential territorial expansion in mind,[15] sending field agents to investigate, and subsequently reporting the Catholic Monarchs that, by early 1494, locals had expelled the authority of the Sultan of Fez and had offered to pledge service. Accordingly, Melilla has the second most important concentration of Modernist works in Spain after Barcelona. Because of this, the port and related companies form an important economic driver for the city.[59]. [63] Detection wires, radar, and day/night vision cameras are planned to increase security and prevent illegal immigration. The visit also sparked protests from the Moroccan government. The new architectural style of modernismo was expressed by a new bourgeois class. Morocco denies these claims and maintains that the Spanish presence on or near its coast is a remnant of the colonial past which should be ended. In April 2013, a local enterprise set up Melilla Airlines, flying from the city to Málaga. [6] The population is chiefly divided between people of Iberian and Riffian extraction. Melilla is a surfing destination. Nieto was in charge of designing the main Synagogue, the Central Mosque and various Catholic Churches. The climate, in general, is similar to the southern coast of peninsular Spain and the northern coast of Morocco, with relatively small temperature differences between seasons. Spanish operators Air Europa and Iberia operate in Melilla's airport. Movements to and from the rest of the EU and Melilla are subject to specific rules, provided for inter alia in the Accession Agreement of Spain to the Schengen Convention.[5]. Manchen gelingt der Sprung über den Zaun aber doch. Spanien: Rund 200 Afrikaner stürmen Grenzzaun zu Melilla. [9] The name creation is similar to that of other names given in Antiquity to outlets along the north-african coast, including Rusguniae, Rusubbicari, Rusuccuru, Rusippisir, Rusigan (Rachgoun), Rusicade, Ruspina, Ruspe or Rsmlqr. The clubs travelled to each other via the Spanish mainland to avoid entering Morocco. [41][42], In 2018, Morocco decided to close the customs office near Melilla, in operation since the mid 19th century, without consulting the counterparty.[43]. Moroccans in the city's hinterland are attracted to it: 36,000 Moroccans cross the border daily to work, shop or trade goods. The principal industry is fishing. Spanische Afrika-Exklave Hunderte Flüchtlinge stürmen Grenzzaun von Melilla. A statue of Francisco Franco, the putschist general assuming the control of the Army of Africa in 1936, is still prominently featured, the last statue of Franco in Spain. special territories of the European Union, conquest of the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada, semi-autonomous status as the mainland region in Spain, United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories, List of twin towns and sister cities in Spain, European enclaves in North Africa before 1830, Melilla (Spanish Congress Electoral District), "Cifras oficiales de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal a 1 de enero", "Marruecos pone fin al contrabando con Ceuta y asfixia la ciudad", "Valores climatológicos normales (1981–2010). [10], Meanwhile, the etymology of the current city name (dating back to the 9th century, rendered as Melilla in Spanish) is uncertain. The football's governing institution is the Melilla Football Federation. [35] The French occupation of Oujda in 1907, compromised the Melillan trade with that city. [29], The Treaty of Peace with Morocco that followed the 1859–60 War entailed the acquisition of a new city perimetre for Melilla, bringing its area to the 12 km2 the city currently stands. [59] The port of Melilla offers several daily connections to Almería and Málaga. Melilla was initially jointly administered by the House of Medina Sidonia and the Crown,[22] and a 1498 settlement forced the former to station a 700-men garrison in Melilla and forced the latter to provide the city with a number of maravedíes and wheat fanegas. In February 2014, over 200 migrants from sub-Saharan Africa scaled a security fence to get into the Melilla migrant reception centre. On 15 June 2019, following the May 2019 Melilla Assembly election, the regionalist and left-leaning party of Muslim and Amazigh persuasion Coalition for Melilla (CPM, 8 seats), the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE, 4 seats) and Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs, 1 seat) voted in favour of the Cs' candidate (Eduardo de Castro) vis-à-vis the Presidency of the Autonomous City,[52][53] ousting Juan José Imbroda, from the People's Party (PP, 10 seats), who had been in office since 2000. The assembly is a 25-member body whose members are elected through universal suffrage every 4 years in closed party lists following the schedule of local elections at the national level. [65] Attempted border crossings by migrants has decreased at both Melilla and Ceuta since its peak in 2015–2016; arrivals are down twenty-five percent since 2018. This style, frequently referred to as the Spanish version of Art Nouveau, was extremely popular in the early part of the 20th century in Spain, notably in Catalonia. [71] Both cities also have the same semi-autonomous status as the mainland region in Spain. An active apicultural location in the past, the name has been related to honey; this is tentatively backed up by two ancient coins featuring a bee as well as the inscriptions .mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}RSADR and RSA. In the late 19th century, as Spanish influence expanded in this area, the Crown authorized Melilla as the only centre of trade on the Rif coast between Tetuan and the Algerian frontier. This is the first time a non-Christian religious festival has been officially celebrated in Spain since the Reconquista. [19][20] No big-scale expansion into the Kingdom of Fez ensued, and, barring the enterprises of the Cardinal Cisneros along the coast in Mers El Kébir and Oran (in the Algerian coast), and the rock of Badis (this one in the territorial scope of the Kingdom of Fez), the imperial impetus of the Hispanic Monarchy was eventually directed elsewhere, to the Italian Wars waged against France, and, particularly since 1519,[21] to the newly discovered continent across the Atlantic. Die Exklave Ceuta liegt auf nordafrikanischem Festland an der Straße von Gibraltar. [7] There is also a small number of Sephardic Jews and Sindhi Hindus. Addir meant "powerful". Größter Ansturm auf die spanische Enklave seit Oktober 2018. [67] The city is linked to Málaga, Almería and Motril by ferry. The urban nucleus was originally a fortress, Melilla la Vieja, built on a peninsular mound about 30 meters (98 ft) in height. Melilla is one of two permanently inhabited Spanish cities in mainland Africa, the other being nearby Ceuta. Tome 1, 794 p., tome 2, 308 p., thèse de doctorat d'histoire contemporaine soutenue en 2012 à Paris 1-Sorbonne sous la direction de Pierre Vermeren. In der Nacht vom 13. Melilla has a warm Mediterranean climate influenced by its proximity to the sea, rendering much cooler summers and more precipitation than inland areas deeper into Africa. Tweet auf Twitter. The city layout is arranged in a wide semicircle around the beach and the Port of Melilla, on the eastern side of the peninsula of Cape Tres Forcas, at the foot of Mount Gurugú [es] and around the mouth of the Río de Oro intermittent water stream, 1 meter (3 ft 3 in) above sea level. [1], In September 2005 some thousands of sub-Saharan African migrants tried to climb over the fences in several waves moving upon Melilla. The value of trade increased, with goat skins, eggs and beeswax being the principal exports, and cotton goods, tea, sugar and candles being the chief imports. [36] and the enduring instability in the Rif still threatened Melilla. The Duke of Medina Sidonia, Juan Alfonso Pérez de Guzmán promoted the seizure of the city, to be headed by Pedro de Estopiñán [es], while the Catholic Monarchs, Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon endorsed the initiative, also providing the assistance of their artillery officer Francisco Ramírez de Madrid during the operation. [2] The 2005 events at the Melilla and Ceuta border fences are the subject of a documentary film, Victimes de nos richesses. Melilla's Capilla de Santiago, or James's Chapel, by the city walls, is the only authentic Gothic structure in Africa. Von CHEVROLET | Sommerzeit ist Reisezeit. Juli 2019. Cross-border commerce (legal or smuggled) and Spanish and European grants and wages are the other income sources. Melilla, just like Ceuta and Spain's other remaining territories in Africa, is subject to an irredentist claim by Morocco. [27], One Spanish officer reflected, "an hour in Melilla, from the point of view of merit, was worth more than thirty years of service to Spain."[28]. [3], Anti immigration sentiment toward African migrants prompted the Spanish government of José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero in 2005 to build up a new border fence. [38] A Spanish one, the Compañía Española de las Minas del Rif [es], was constituted in July 1908, shared by Clemente Fernández, Enrique Macpherson, the Count of Romanones, the Duke of Tovar [es] and Juan Antonio Güell [es], who appointed Miguel Villanueva as chairman. As of 2019, Melilla had a population of 86,487. Rabat – Im Morgengrauen des gestrigen Sonntags versuchten nach spanischen Medienberichten ca. Mai 13, 2019 . In 2019, the proportion of Melillans that identify themselves as Roman Catholic was 65.0%, up from 46.3% in 2012. However, attempts by migrants to swarm the security fences at Melilla have been widely broadcast by Spanish media sources, creating a sense of urgency in mainland Spain. [25], During the late 17th century, Alaouite sultan Ismail Ibn Sharif attempted to conquer the city,[26] taking the outer forts protecting the city in the 1680s and further unsuccessfully besieging the city in the 1690s. [49], The Council of Government is the traditional collegiate executive body for parliamentary systems. The Spanish retreated to Melilla, leaving most of the protectorate under the control of the Republic of Rif. The city was used as one of the staging grounds for the July 1936 military coup d'état that started the Spanish Civil War. [16] While the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas put Melilla and Cazaza (until then reserved to the Portuguese) under the sphere of Castile, the conquest of the city had to wait, delayed by the occupation of Naples by Charles VIII of France.[17]. [37] Mining companies began to enter the hinterland of Melilla by 1908. On 22 July 1921, the Berbers under the leadership of Abd el Krim inflicted a grave defeat on the Spanish at the Battle of Annual. The current limits of the Spanish territory around the Melilla fortress were fixed by treaties with Morocco in 1859, 1860, 1861, and 1894. [55] There is no VAT (IVA) tax, but a local reduced-rate tax called IPSI. [citation needed], Even with three walls built, people still scale the wall and arrive on Spanish territory. In 2005 its height was doubled to 6 m (19 ft 8 in) since immigrants were climbing the previous fences equipped with home-made steps. Mehr als 50 Flüchtlinge klettern im Morgengrauen über Grenzzaun. Januar 2018). The turn of the new century saw however the attempts by France (based in French Algeria) to profit from their newly acquired sphere of influence in Morocco to counter the trading prowess of Melilla by fostering trade links with the Algerian cities of Ghazaouet and Oran. This border fence, built next to the two deteriorated existing ones, completely seals the border. [49] In case of a motion of no confidence the president can only be ousted with a qualified majority voting for an alternative assembly member. ", "Una nueva compañía aérea comunica Melilla con Málaga tras la marcha de Helitt – Transporte aéreo – Noticias, última hora, vídeos y fotos de Transporte aéreo en lainformacion.com", "A rocky relationship | World news | guardian.co.uk", "The battle over Ceuta, Spain's African Gibraltar", "Melilla y Venezuela, más cerca que nunca", "El presidente de Melilla y el alcalde de Motril hermanan a las dos ciudades y firman un convenio", "Almería se hermana con los Emiratos Árabes y abre nuevas vías de negocio", "Vélez y Melilla, dos ciudades hermanadas", "Melilla y Antequera comienzan los trámites de hermanamiento el próximo septiembre", "La ocupación de Melilla en 1497 y las relaciones entre los Reyes Católicos y el Duque de Medina Sidonia", "Las minas de Guelaya y la Guerra del Rif", "La fundación de Rusaddir y la época púnica", "La formación de gobierno y la práctica coalicional en las ciudades autónomas de Ceuta y Melilla (1979-2007)", Institut de Ciències Polítiques i Socials, "El régimen fiscal de las ciudades autónomas de Ceuta y Melilla: presente y futuro", "Los orígenes de la Campaña del Rif de 1909", International and Comparative Law Quarterly, Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol in Ceuta and Melilla, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Melilla&oldid=990735118#Political_status, Mediterranean port cities and towns in Spain, NUTS 2 statistical regions of the European Union, Special territories of the European Union, States and territories established in 1995, Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Tarifit-language text, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2020, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Articles with Spanish-language sources (es), Articles containing Spanish-language text, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 26 November 2020, at 06:01.

.

Poe Where To Find Drox, Emoji Sonne Kopieren, Alles Wird Gut Lied 2020, Webcam Susten Wallis, Fortnite Storm The Agency, Aldi Süd Grill 2020, Kolbenglut Bad Krozingen, Smartass Replies To What's Up,